Animals

=Animals= In General Biology our we limit our focus to two main categories of animals: Invertebrates and Vertebrates.

=**I. Invertebrates**=

Phyla Molluska - Mollusks
There are 8 classes of Mollusks. We will limit our focus to these 3:

Class Cephalapoda - Cephalapods
== =Phyla Arthropoda - Jointed Appendages= =Phyla Echinoderms - Spiny Skin=

=**II. Vertebrates** Phylum Chordata= =Subphylum Vertebrata= Animals in the Phylum Chordata all share several common characteristics. Most importantly they possess a notochord at some point during its life. The purpose of a notochord is to stiffen the body for locomotion. Other characteristics include:

A. Fish= =Class Agnatha= =Class Chondrichthyes= =Class Osteichthyes=

= B. Amphibians= =Order Apoda= =Order Anura=

= C. Reptiles=

__I. What is a Bird?__

 * 1) What is a bird? Another way to ask this question is what makes a bird a bird? What seperatres a bird from being categorized as a fish, an amphibian, or as a reptile?
 * 2) Next create a list of 10 adaptations of birds that make them better suited for life on land and/or a life of flight? If you are having a difficult time recalling what an adaptation is, refer to your glossary.
 * 3) Once you have this list complete explain the importance of each adapation.
 * 4) If you having trouble with finding these answers think of the following ways we have classified animals in this class:
 * Thermoregulation
 * Locomotion
 * Respiratory
 * Body covering
 * Skeletal structure

__II. Diversity of Birds__
Think about this statement: "Not all birds are created equal." Keeping yesterdays content on adapations in birds write a paragraph about what you think this means. There are over 6,600 different extant species of birds. Most of these birds look similar in basic form and structure. However these birds live in a variety of environments and have a variety in what and how they eat. Once you are finished examine the picture of the following birds:

== What do the osterich and penguin have in common? Look at the beaks of the Toucan and the Lori from the Amazon Jungle.

__III. Origins of Birds:__




=E. Mammals= Why is are bats considered mammals and not birds? There are several characters that all mammals, including bats, have in common. A few of these characters are:
 * 1) What is the name of the earliest known bird in the fossil record?
 * 2) Did today's birds descendent of this bird?
 * 3) How big was this bird? Describe it.
 * 4) It is hypothesized that birds arrived from what type of dinosaur? What is the genus and species of this dinosaur?
 * 5) Where were fosils of this dinosaur found?
 * 6) How big was this animal? Did it fly? How did it capture its prey?
 * 7) Other than feathers what five features did modern birds and these dinosaurs have?


 * 1) Nurse Their Young - glands = a group of cells that secrete fluids (i.e. mammary, sweat, digestive, hormones, enzymes)
 * 2) Hair - thermoregulation via panting and/sweating, camoflauge (sometimes)
 * 3) Circulation - a 4 chambered heart
 * 4) Respiration - a diaphram
 * 5) Specialized Teeth - what it eats, how it gets it food
 * 6) Modified Limbs - (i.e. opposible thumb in primates)
 * 7) Ability to Learn - complex brains to protect, remember, teach